The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Third Edition . American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. , 2004.
American Academy of Pediatrics:: Indications for management and referral of patients involved in substance abuse.. Pediatrics, 2000; 106 (1) :143-8.
American Psychiatric Association:: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. (Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C., 2000.
Fingerhood M:: Progress in geriatrics: Substance abuse in older people.. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2000; 48 (8) : 985-95.
Goldman L. : Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 21st Ed. Philadelphia, PA. WB Saunders, 2000.
Kosten TR, O'Connor PG:: Management of drug and alcohol withdrawal.. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2003; 348 (18) : 1786-95.
Longo LP, Johnson B:: Addiction Part I. Benzodiazebines--Side effects, abuse risk and alternatives.. American Family Physician, 2000; 61 (7) : 2121-2128.
Longo LP, Parran T, Johnson B et al:: Addiction Part II. Identification and management of the drug-seeking patient.. American Family Physician, 2000; 61 (8) : 2401-8.
National Guideline Clearinghouse:: VHA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of substance use.. Management of Substance Use Disorders Working Group,, September 2001.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA):: Prescription drugs and pain medications.. 2003. National Institute on Drug Abuse: National iNstitutes of Health. Available at: www.drugabuse.gov/Infofax/PainMed.html, (cited 6/5/03).
The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.