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The Nemours Foundation:: IUD. . April 2003. Reviewed by: Macones GA, Izenberg N. Available at: http://kidshealth.org, (cited 1/9/04).
Planned Parenthood Federation of America: : Understanding IUDs.. December, 2003. Available at: http://www.plannedparenthood.org, (cited 1/12/04).
Rakel RE, Bope ET (eds):: Conn's Current Therapy, 55 ed.. W.B. Saunders, St. Louis, MO, 2003.
Stanford JB, Mikolajczyk RT:: Mechanisms of action of intrauterine devices: update and estimation of postfertilization effects.. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 2002; 187(6): 1699-1708.
Stuart GS, Castano PM:: Sexually transmitted infections and contraceptives: selective issues.. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics., December 2003; 30(4): 795.
The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.